Antony and his wife Cleopatra, the Ptolemaic queen of Egypt, killed themselves during Octavian's invasion of Egypt, which then became a Roman province.Īfter the demise of the Second Triumvirate, Augustus restored the outward façade of the free republic, with governmental power vested in the Roman Senate, the executive magistrates and the legislative assemblies, yet he maintained autocratic authority by having the Senate grant him lifetime tenure as commander-in-chief, tribune and censor. The Triumvirate was eventually torn apart by the competing ambitions of its members Lepidus was exiled in 36 BC, and Antony was defeated by Octavian at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC. Following their victory at the Battle of Philippi (42 BC), the Triumvirate divided the Roman Republic among themselves and ruled as de facto dictators. He, Mark Antony and Marcus Lepidus formed the Second Triumvirate to defeat the assassins of Caesar. His maternal great-uncle Julius Caesar was assassinated in 44 BC, and Octavius was named in Caesar's will as his adopted son and heir as a result, he inherited Caesar's name, estate, and the loyalty of his legions. Originally named Gaius Octavius, he was born into an old and wealthy equestrian branch of the plebeian gens Octavia. The Principate system of imperial rule established by Augustus lasted until the Crisis of the Third Century. The reign of Augustus initiated an imperial cult as well as an era associated with imperial peace, the Pax Romana or Pax Augusta, in which the Roman world was largely free of armed conflict aside from expansionary wars and the Year of the Four Emperors. This one is does not have the usual detractions, although the strike is weak in places.Caesar Augustus (born Gaius Octavius 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), also known as Octavian, was the founder of the Roman Empire he reigned as the first Roman emperor from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. Worst of all, most are tooled (Coins from Crimea are often skillfully tooled). Most of these Leo AE2's are in poor metal with chips or corrosion. Most Leo AE coins are tiny monogram pieces. However, it is still rare. They are all found in Crimea, leading many to question whether the "CON" mintmark really means they were minted in Constantinople and shipped to the Crimea, or it the mintmark is immobolized and the were minted at Cherson or Kersh. When the Iron Curtain came down and commerce with Ukraine commenced, more of this type became available in the West. When I bought this coin in 1995 from Dmitry Markov the type was extremely rare with only a few known. Links: Valentinian, Valens, Procopius, Gratian, Valentinian II, Theodosius, Aelia Flacilla, Magnus Maximus, Arcadius, Honorius, Johannes,Įmperor holding globe and spruning captive Special types include a rare Valentinian III, a very rare Theodosius II, and an AE2 of Leo I. I mark coins "SOLD" in purplepromptly when they sell. To order, or simply to ask a question, e-mail me, Warren, at: which is also my PayPal address. More-detailed terms of sale are here.Īfter I confirm by e-mail that I still have the coin, you can pay by logging into your account and sending PayPal or Zelle payment to my e-mail address. From other countries I accept PayPal and prefer TransferWise. Usually an additional $3 to other countries. Postage in the US is $2 for orders up to $25, $3 for ord ers up to $50, $4 for orders up to $100, and an additional $2 for each hundred thereafter. I accept PayPal and Zelle ( Why I prefer Zelle in the US) and checks and cash. What's new? 2022, June 8: Gratian AE3 at the top. References for the coins of the period are listed here: References for the history of the period are listed here: Highly recommended to bring the coins and time period alive. This is 130 pages of an original ancient source. Books 26-31 cover Valentinian I through the death of Valens at the Battle of Adrianople. 354-378) translated by Walter Hamilton, Penguin Books, 1986. I recommend the inexpensive paperback book (possibly in your public or school library) by the ancient author Ammianus Marcellinus: The Later Roman Empire (AD. Late Roman Coins for sale, Valentinian and later (364 AD - 498 AD).Ĭoins of the late 4th century are among the least expensive of all ancient coins.
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